[Methodical features of the molding of diagnostic competences in medical parasitology workers].

The paper provides a rationale for a procedure to mold diagnostic competences in medical workers of the laboratories of therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions and hygiene and epidemiology centers, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. The methodical features of molding diagnostic competences in the above contingents are the design and organization of an educational process by applying systems integration and competence-based approaches; increased active self-directed learning of audience; a procedure to organize its unsupervised extracurricular activities. Professional habits and skills in laboratory specialists should be molded on the basis of didactic principles and in compliance with the found methodical patterns. The eventual result (molded competences) and its compliance with the practical health care requirements is assessed using all control types (incoming, running, intermediate, and ultimate ones). This ensures the stability and predictability of molding diagnostic competences in parasitology specialists.

[Assessment of the quality of laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasitic diseases by the laboratories participating in the Federal System of External Quality Assessment of Clinical Laboratory Testing].

In 2010-2013, the quality of microscopic detection of the causative agents ofparasitic diseases in the feces has been assessed by the specialists of the laboratories of the therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions (TPIs) and Hygiene and Epidemiology Centers, Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare, which are participants of the Federal System of External Quality Assessment of Clinical Laboratory Testing. Thirty-two specimens containing 16 species of human helminths and 4 species of enteric protozoa in different combinations were examined. The findings suggest that the quality of microscopic detection of the causative agents of parasitic diseases is low in the laboratories of health care facilities and that the specialists of the laboratories of TPIs and Hygiene and Epidemiology Centers, Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare, do not not possess the knowledge and skills necessary to make a laboratory diagnosis of helminths and enteric protozoa. The average detection rates of helminths and protozoa were at a level of 64 and 36%, respectively. The correct results showed that the proportion of helminths and protozoa were 94.5 and 5.5%, respectively. According to the biological and epidemiological classification of helminths, there were higher detection rates for contact group parasites (Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis nana) and geohelminths (Ascaris, Trichuris trichiura, and others). Biohelminths (Opisthorchis, tapeworms, and others) Were detectable slightly worse.

[Lowering of antiatherogenic significance of high density lipoproteins in obese persons]. / Snizhenie antiaterogennoi znachimosti lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti u lits s ozhireniem.

Protein and lipid components of blood serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) responsible for their functional activity were studied before and after fat load in subjects with normal body mass and various types of obesity. Subjects with abdominal obesity compared with those with gluteo-femoral obesity and normal body mass initially had pronounced disturbances in components of HDL and their acceptor capacity. Fat load caused changes of HDL composition in all study groups. Postprandial effect in persons with normal body mass became obvious 6 hours after load while in those with excess mass it occurred earlier - 3 hours after fatty meal. In subjects with gluteo-femoral obesity this effect remained on the same level while in those with abdominal obesity it became more pronounced by hour 6. Contrary to subjects with normal body mass and gluteo-femoral obesity fat load induced changes of HDL components in persons with abdominal obesity were not associated with augmented acceptor capacity of HDL what could be considered as proatherogenic effect.

[Effects of recent alcohol intake on high density lipoprotein accepting properties and their interactions with liver cells]. / Vliianie nedavnego upotrebleniia alkogolia na aktseptornye svoistva lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti i ikh vzaimodeistvie s kletkami pecheni.

HDL-subfraction was studied in blood serum of drinkers after alcohol intake and control group of men-nondrinkers. Blood serum incubation with fibroblasts culture did not indicate principal differences between drinkers and nondrinkers both with normolipemia and hyperalphacholesterolemia. Increase of HDL2 and decrease of HDL3-subfraction were observed. Incubation of the same species with hepatoma cells culture (Hep G-2) demonstrated significant differences between normolipemia and hyperalphacholesterolemia. The reduction of HDL2 subfraction level and increase of HDL3 have been found in nondrinkers with normolipemia. The raise of HDL2 was demonstrated in hyperalphacholesterolemia (due to HDL2b and HDL2a in drinkers and HDL2a in nondrinkers). Besides, in several samples of normolipidemic blood serum taken after alcohol abuse the changes of HDL-subfractions were identical to those receiving in hyperalphacholesterolemia. It is postulated that one of the mechanisms of the alcoholic hyperalphacholesterolemia development is the decline of the transfer rate of cholesterol ethers to the liver and accumulation of HDL2 particles in total HDL pool.

[Subfractionated conversions of high density lipoproteins in vitro in sera with various lipid spectra]. / Subfraktsionnye perekhody lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti in vitro v syvorotkakh s razlichnymi lipidnymi spektrami.

Using gradient gel electrophoresis, the interconversions of high density lipoproteins (HDL) upon heating for 24 hours at 37 degrees C of blood sera obtained from dyslipidemic patients, were studied. It was shown that during incubation of normolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic and hyperalphacholesterolemic sera, the portion of large particles of HDL2 subclass (HDL2b) is increased with a simultaneous decrease in the portion of the smallest particles of HDL3 subclass (HDL3b and HDL3c). Contrariwise, in hypertriglyceridemic and hypoalphacholesterolemic sera the portion of the largest HDL2b particles is decreased, while that of middle-sized HDL3a is increased. Hence, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphacholesterolemia are not associated with an intensive conversion of small HDL3 particles into large HDL2 ones, which may be the reason for the decreased cholesterol transport function of HDL.

[Hypoalphacholesterolemia: dynamics of the subfractional spectrum of high density lipoproteins during their interaction with fibroblasts and hepatoma Hep-G2 cell line]. / Gipoal'fakholesterinemiia: Dinamika subfraktsionnogo spektra lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti pri vzaimodeistvii s fibroblastami i gepatomoi linii Hep-G2.

Using gradient gel electrophoresis, the dynamics of subfractional spectrum of high density lipoproteins (HDL) according to the particle size was studied during HDL interaction with hepatoma Hep-G2 cells and human skin fibroblasts. It was found that incubation of sera obtained from normolipidemic donors with cholesterol-loaded fibroblasts results in a decrease of the proportion of all small-sized particles of the HDL3 subclass, i.e., HDL3a, HDL3b and HDL3c as well as in an increase in the proportion of large-sized particles of the HDL2 subclass (HDL2a and HDL2b) due to cholesterol acceptance by HDL. In contrast, incubation of the same sera with hepatoma Hep-G2 cells causes a decrease in the proportion of HDL2b and a release of smaller cholesterol-deficient HDL3a particles. The dynamics of subfractional spectrum of HDL in hypoalphacholesterolemic sera is somewhat different, i.e., incubation with fibroblasts results in a decrease of the proportion of HDL3b and HDL3c; that of HDL2a is increased. The HDL2b fraction is unchanged. After incubation of the same sera with hepatoma Hep-G2 cells, the proportion of HDL2b does not fall as in the case of normolipidemic sera, but shows a marked increase. It is concluded that hypoalphacholesterolemia is characterized not only by a low HDL level in the plasma, but also by the formation of HDL2b-deficient particles which less effectively interact with liver cells.